Package org.apache.lucene.codecs.lucene90

## Class Lucene90DocValuesFormat

- java.lang.Object
- - org.apache.lucene.codecs.DocValuesFormat
  - - org.apache.lucene.codecs.lucene90.Lucene90DocValuesFormat

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    `NamedSPILoader.NamedSPI`

      public final class Lucene90DocValuesFormat
      extends DocValuesFormat

  Lucene 9.0 DocValues format.

  Documents that have a value for the field are encoded in a way that it is always possible to know the ordinal of the current document in the set of documents that have a value. For instance, say the set of documents that have a value for the field is `{1, 5, 6, 11}`. When the iterator is on `6`, it knows that this is the 3rd item of the set. This way, values can be stored densely and accessed based on their index at search time. If all documents in a segment have a value for the field, the index is the same as the doc ID, so this case is encoded implicitly and is very fast at query time. On the other hand if some documents are missing a value for the field then the set of documents that have a value is encoded into blocks. All doc IDs that share the same upper 16 bits are encoded into the same block with the following strategies:

  - SPARSE: This strategy is used when a block contains at most 4095 documents. The lower 16 bits of doc IDs are stored as `shorts` while the upper 16 bits are given by the block ID.
  - DENSE: This strategy is used when a block contains between 4096 and 65535 documents. The lower bits of doc IDs are stored in a bit set. Advancing < 512 documents is performed using `ntz` operations while the index is computed by accumulating the `bit counts` of the visited longs. Advancing >= 512 documents is performed by skipping to the start of the needed 512 document sub-block and iterating to the specific document within that block. The index for the sub-block that is skipped to is retrieved from a rank-table positioned before the bit set. The rank-table holds the origo index numbers for all 512 documents sub-blocks, represented as an unsigned short for each 128 blocks.
  - ALL: This strategy is used when a block contains exactly 65536 documents, meaning that the block is full. In that case doc IDs do not need to be stored explicitly. This is typically faster than both SPARSE and DENSE which is a reason why it is preferable to have all documents that have a value for a field using contiguous doc IDs, for instance by using `index sorting`.

  Skipping blocks to arrive at a wanted document is either done on an iterative basis or by using the jump-table stored at the end of the chain of blocks. The jump-table holds the offset as well as the index for all blocks, packed in a single long per block.

  Then the five per-document value types (Numeric,Binary,Sorted,SortedSet,SortedNumeric) are encoded using the following strategies:

  `NUMERIC`:

  - Delta-compressed: per-document integers written as deltas from the minimum value, compressed with bitpacking. For more information, see `DirectWriter`.
  - Table-compressed: when the number of unique values is very small (< 256), and when there are unused "gaps" in the range of values used (such as `SmallFloat`), a lookup table is written instead. Each per-document entry is instead the ordinal to this table, and those ordinals are compressed with bitpacking (`DirectWriter`).
  - GCD-compressed: when all numbers share a common divisor, such as dates, the greatest common denominator (GCD) is computed, and quotients are stored using Delta-compressed Numerics.
  - Monotonic-compressed: when all numbers are monotonically increasing offsets, they are written as blocks of bitpacked integers, encoding the deviation from the expected delta.
  - Const-compressed: when there is only one possible value, no per-document data is needed and this value is encoded alone.

  Depending on calculated gains, the numbers might be split into blocks of 16384 values. In that case, a jump-table with block offsets is appended to the blocks for O(1) access to the needed block.

  `BINARY`:

  - Fixed-width Binary: one large concatenated byte[] is written, along with the fixed length. Each document's value can be addressed directly with multiplication (`docID * length`).
  - Variable-width Binary: one large concatenated byte[] is written, along with end addresses for each document. The addresses are written as Monotonic-compressed numerics.
  - Prefix-compressed Binary: values are written in chunks of 16, with the first value written completely and other values sharing prefixes. chunk addresses are written as Monotonic-compressed numerics. A reverse lookup index is written from a portion of every 1024th term.

  `SORTED`:

  - Sorted: a mapping of ordinals to deduplicated terms is written as Prefix-compressed Binary, along with the per-document ordinals written using one of the numeric strategies above.

  `SORTED_SET`:

  - Single: if all documents have 0 or 1 value, then data are written like SORTED.
  - SortedSet: a mapping of ordinals to deduplicated terms is written as Binary, an ordinal list and per-document index into this list are written using the numeric strategies above.

  `SORTED_NUMERIC`:

  - Single: if all documents have 0 or 1 value, then data are written like NUMERIC.
  - SortedNumeric: a value list and per-document index into this list are written using the numeric strategies above.

  Files:

  1. `.dvd`: DocValues data
  2. `.dvm`: DocValues metadata
  WARNING: This API is experimental and might change in incompatible ways in the next release.

- - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor | Description
    --- | ---
    `Lucene90DocValuesFormat()` | Default constructor.

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method | Description
    --- | --- | ---
    `DocValuesConsumer` | `fieldsConsumer​(SegmentWriteState state)` | Returns a `DocValuesConsumer` to write docvalues to the index.
    `DocValuesProducer` | `fieldsProducer​(SegmentReadState state)` | Returns a `DocValuesProducer` to read docvalues from the index.

    - ### Methods inherited from class org.apache.lucene.codecs.DocValuesFormat

      `availableDocValuesFormats, forName, getName, reloadDocValuesFormats, toString`

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### Lucene90DocValuesFormat

          public Lucene90DocValuesFormat()

      Default constructor.

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### fieldsConsumer

          public DocValuesConsumer fieldsConsumer​(SegmentWriteState state)
                                           throws IOException

      Description copied from class: `DocValuesFormat`
      Returns a `DocValuesConsumer` to write docvalues to the index.
      Specified by:
        `fieldsConsumer` in class `DocValuesFormat`
      Throws:
        `IOException`

    - #### fieldsProducer

          public DocValuesProducer fieldsProducer​(SegmentReadState state)
                                           throws IOException

      Description copied from class: `DocValuesFormat`
      Returns a `DocValuesProducer` to read docvalues from the index.

      NOTE: by the time this call returns, it must hold open any files it will need to use; else, those files may be deleted. Additionally, required files may be deleted during the execution of this call before there is a chance to open them. Under these circumstances an IOException should be thrown by the implementation. IOExceptions are expected and will automatically cause a retry of the segment opening logic with the newly revised segments.

      Specified by:
        `fieldsProducer` in class `DocValuesFormat`
      Throws:
        `IOException`